Detection of Common adulterant?

Milk - Addition of Water & removal of cream. Addition of thickners like Starch, Sugar etc. Starch - Add few drops of iodine solution in milk in a test tube. In presence of Starch, blue colour is developed. 2)Milk Products-Addition of starch in milk products viz. Khoa, Dahi, Paneer etc. can also be tested by adding few drops of iodine solution in milk product in a test tube. In presence of Starch, blue colour is developed 3) Ghee/erAddition of vanaspati or margarise Ghee sample + Conc. hydrochloric acid (and used for cleaning tiles) & few grains of sugar. Shake well. Development of pink (Red) colour indicates presence of Vanaspati in Ghee. 4)Oil & Fats- Adultrant Cheaper Oils, harmful oils, Argemone, Castor, Karmaja Mineral can be detected in the Laboratory. 5)Sweetners-Gur or Sugar solution in honey. 6)Sweet meat-Non permitted colour. Excess colour above prescribed limit, Aluminium Foil instead of Silver foil. 7) Food grains -Foreign matter like Dhatura seeds in Jawar, Ergot in Bajara, Kernel Bunt in Wheat can be examined by physical examination. 8)Dal - A) Khesari dal as an adultrant - has edged type appearance showing a slant on one side and square in appearance incontrast to other Dal. B) Non permitted colour- Drop of HCl on sample of Dal produces voilet colour which indicates presence of Metanil yellow colour. SPICES AND CONDIMENTS 1)Mohari - Argemone seeds, poisonous in nature, as an adultrant, can be detected by physical observation. Argemone seeds are of blackish rough surface in nature & the notch is present on the surface. These seeds are non-edible poisonous seeds. 2)Black pepper - The adultrants like Papaya seeds, Light berries can be detected by physical observation. They float in alcohol. 3)Clove - Volatile oil Extracted (i.e. Exhausted cloves) as an adultrant commonly found. 4)Powdered Spices - Added Starch and Common salt are found as an adultrant--- Iodine test for Starch detection. Organoleptic test for Common salt detection. 5)Turmeric Powder - Coloured Saw Dust, Chalk Powder or Yellow soap stone Powder are commonly found adultrant. 6)Chilly Powder - Brick Powder, Starches & Extraneous Colour are commonly found adultrant. 7)Hing - Colophony resins, Soap stones or other earthy matter are commonly found adultrant. 8)Saffrron - Dried tendrils of maize comb are commonly found adultrant. Other articles 1)Salt - Inorganic matter like clay , stone etc. is commonly found adultrant. 2)Tea Powder - The adultrants found are Extraneous Colour, exhaust Tea,Tur or Gram Dal Husk with colour, Iron fillings. 3)Coffee - Chicory are commonly found adultrant. 4)Supari / Panmasala - Extraneous Colours are commonly found adultrant. 5)Vinager - Mineral acids are commonly found adultrant. Can be detected with colour change of metanil yellow paper ( Observation Voilet colour). Duties of Purchaser while purchasing food articles 1)Whenever food article is suspected to be adulterated / spoiled while purchasing, customer have right to complaint against shopkeeper to the Food & Drug. Administration of their district under section 12 of PFA Act 1954. 2)While purchasing the packed food articles the customer should check the label and packing as mentioned. A) Batch no. B) Ingredients C) Date of manufacture D) Date of expiry. E) Addresses of manufacturer. F) Weight of substance etc.